Difficulties, possible solutions, needed reforms at Renewable Energy at Turkey

The main barriers for development renewable energy are: - lack of financial resources and proper lending facilities, particularly for small-scale projects constitute, - lack of detailed renewable energy resource assessments and data banks pertains to Turkey like to many other countries. But, lack of awareness and knowledge is not a big barrier in Turkey. Renewable energy is recognized as a major potential for indigenous, clean energy production. The most important handicap for foreign investors is Turkish bureaucracy. The permission for a foreign investor can be taken through one-year period with applying numerous different associations. New government had promised to make the permission producer easier. Hydroelectric generation, biomass combustion, solar energy for agricultural grain drying and hot water heating, and geothermal energy have been in use in the country for many years. Domestic water heating is the primary active solar technology. In Turkey, approximately 30,000 solar water heating systems have been installed since the 1980s. This is a minute fraction of the total potential. About 50% of existing dwellings could be fitted effectively with a solar water heater. If this potential were extended to 2025, the deployment of approximately 5 million systems (allowing for a rise in the Turkish housing stock) would be required. This could save an estimated 30 PJ (9.0 TWh) per year of oil, coal and gas and 2.0 TWh per year of electricity, giving a saving of 5.0 million tonnes of CO2 per year, or just under 1% of current Turkey CO2 production. Agricultural residues have a high potential to take the place of the lignite (40 million tons) and hard coal (1.3 million tons) used in electricity production. Biogas systems are considered to be strong alternatives to the traditional space heating systems (stoves) in rural Turkey. Geothermal heat pumps are a relatively new application of geothermal energy that has grown rapidly in recent years. On the other hand, the biggest benefit of geothermal heat pumps is that they use 25-50% less electricity than conventional heating or cooling systems. Geothermal heat pumps can also reduce energy consumption, and corresponding air pollution emissions, up to 44% compared to air source heat pumps and up to 72% compared to electric resistance heating with standard air conditioning equipment. Success story: Turkey is among the first five leader countries in its geothermal direct use applications. In Turkey, the district heating system applications were started with large scale, city based geothermal district heating systems. The investigations on geothermal energy in the country gained speed in the 1970s. However, the utilization of geothermal energy could not become widespread sufficiently due to scaling problems up to the early 1980s. Since then, important developments have been recorded in geothermal energy utilization. Recently, geothermal direct use applications have reached up to 52,000 residences equivalence of geothermal heating, and engineering design of nearly 300,000 residences equivalence geothermal district heating has been completed. Parallel to the development of geothermal energy utilization in Turkey, it is projected that by the years 2010 and 2020, the total installed capacity will increase to 3500 MWt (500,000 residences equivalent, which is about 30% of the total residences in the country) and 8300 MWt (1,250,000 residences equivalent) for space heating and to 500 MWe and 1000 MWe for power production, respectively. The investment cost for geothermal district heating systems per residence with a floor area of 100 m2 is about 1500–2500 US$ (excluding heater costs in the residence), while the payback period varies between 5 and 8 years. About 30–50% of the investment costs has been paid by consumers as a connection subscription fee, like a capital investment. The heating fees (2001 heating season) were in the range of 14–29 US$. Needed reforms: Turkey can not perform a clear strategy concerning the renewable energy sources because of energy costs and investment costs. The State encouraged the private sector for natural gas combined circuit plants and guaranteed to buy the generated electricity with a low cost and with special conditions. State performed the strategy of build, operate and transfer (BOT) system and succeeded it. The share of the natural gas combined circuit plants increased to 20% in total primary energy supply. The state achieved the sustainability in this wise. Turkey is interested in renewable energy resources and gives effort to provide the sustainability of using these energy resources. The state encouraged the municipalities in respect of the geothermal energy and gave them the permission to behave self-governing. In Turkey, the efficiency of energy utilization is not as high as Europe yet. The state leads the private sector to the World Bank’s credit in all sources of renewable energy. The State says that it will be the guarantor for the 30-40% of the cost of the private sector’s investments which are for their own needs. If the private sector can find buyer, it can sell the electricity produced in these plants. The cost of 1 kilowatt (kW) power from a renewable energy resource is 13-15 cent. If the State buys for example 10% of the generated energy by private sector for this cost, the State will gain from that too in future. It is so recently that less energy consuming building projections have taken place. Ground sourced heating and passive heating systems are not common either. For a sustainable development of renewable energy resources and settling to the Mediterranean strategy, ground sourced and water sourced heat pump systems, wind and solar energy power plants have to be kept unobstructed always. The renewable energy technologies and the energy quantities which are necessary for production per unit have to be kept always in the journal and policy of the country. Legal regulations have to be performed and the State has to give effort to make the public assimilate these regulations highly.Ahmet Koyun

Turkey’s renewable energy potential

Turkey‟s energy policy target is planned to reach a 20% renewable energy share by the year of 2020, and 30% in 2050, respectively. The instruments to reach this goal range from the „Law of the Turkish Policies on Renewable Energies‟ to the political and financial support of research and development of renewable energy sources. The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of the Turkey has listed CSP (concentrating solar power) as an important research issue in the „Summary of National mid & long-Term Science and Energy Technology Development Plan‟ (2006–2020). On the other hand, up to now, no commercial solar thermal power plant is in operation in Turkey. Renewable energy production makes up approximately 14.4% of the total primary energy supply (TPES), i.e. 10.30 Mtoe in 2007, and renewable sources represent the second-largest domestic energy source after coal. Table III shows solar energy potential in Turkey. In spite of this high potential, solar energy is not now widely used, except for flat plate solar collectors. They are only used for domestic hot water production, mostly in the sunny coastal regions. In 2007, about 8.0 million m2 solar collectors were produced and it is predicted that total solar energy production is about 0.390 Mtoe. Since mid-2000‟s as a result of applied important structural changes and increased investment incentives in renewable energy, investment demands above the potential on wind energy has arisen in Turkey. In the near future there will be an overloaded demand to solar energy like wind energy. In this context the possible usage areas and rate effects of renewable energies replaced with fossil fuels to the economical benefit of the country can be examined. Wind energy Wind energy is the fastest growing energy source and technology in the world and wind power is one of the most widely used alternative sources of energy today. In most of the some countries wind power in share of gross electric consumption is continuously increasing. As an example, in Germany its share has reached to 6.4% in 2010. The west parts of Anatolia have been identified as very favorable locations for wind power generation in Turkey. As for the background in Turkey, wind energy has always played an important role in the historical and economical development of Anatolia. The people used wind energy for hundreds of years for pumping water and grinding grain in Anatolia. Then, they must have been dominant landmarks already in the 14th century in Anatolia and the wind mills were built mainly in the 19th century. Recently, wind power as a potential renewable energy source has grown in Turkey. Today, it is estimated that Turkey has 160 TWh a year of wind potential, which is about twice as much as the current electricity consumption of Turkey. According to Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, the wind potential of Turkey is given as 88,000 GW and the economic potential is estimated as 10,000 MW or higher [8]. Although, wind energy has a significant contribution to the energy system, for effective energy planning in the grid systems, prediction of wind energy production should be accurately up to 48-72 hours. Today, the majority of wind energy projects in Turkey are concentrated in the west with and Mediterranean regions with a total 25 projects. The installed capacity of wind energy is expected to reach 20,000 MW by 2023. Solar Energy Solar radiation arriving on earth surface is the most fundamental renewable energy source. In recent years, solar energy utilization in various applications has increased significantly. Turkey is promising country for solar energy potential. Turkey‟s geographical location is highly favorable for the utilization of solar energy. Turkey is geographically located (36-42°N latitudes) in a useful position for the solar power in the South Eastern of Europe and the Mediterranean. Solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface and sunshine duration are measured in the meteorological stations by Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS)in Turkey.The country has an average 3.6 kWh/m2-day irradiation and 7.2 hours insolation time per day (Table II). In the southern parts of Turkey, there are about 3000 sunshine hours per year. The insolation values are higher and conditions for solar power generation are comparable to Spain.Southeastern Anatolia and Mediterranean regions of Turkey are in the highest levels with closing to 1500 kWh/m²-year. Solar energy is widely used in Turkey. The main solar energy utilizations in Turkey are the flat-plate collectors in domestic hot water systems. The hot water heating system installations exceeds 10 million m2 area having with a total installed capacity of 7.8 GWth in 2008. Turkey is in the 2nd rank of the top countries using solar thermal power in worldwide following China. In China, this figure exceeds 100 GWth Furthermore, utilization of photovoltaic systems is very limited with the usage of some governmental organizations in remote service areas such as telecom stations, forest fire observation towers and highway emergency only. However, it is hoping that the photovoltaic system will play an important role in the future energy planning in Turkey. The research and development of photovoltaic in Turkey is very new. It has not commercialized yet. The installed capacity of solar energy in Turkey is very small. Short-term forecasts are important tasks with potential, leading to improved energy forecasts and helping to increase the efficiency of the renewable energy productions for photovoltaic solutions as well contributing to improve the management and presumably the design of the energy grids in the future. Short-term forecasts are important tasks with potential, leading to improved energy forecasts and helping to increase the efficiency of the renewable energy productions as well contributing to improve the management and presumably the design of the energy grids in the future.

Selahattin İncecik, Ceyhan Kahya, Erhan Çalışkan and Hüseyin Toros

Why is Energy Efficiency important for Turkey

Why is energy efficiency important for Turkey? Energy supply security is at risk due to rapid growth in demand. Electricity demand has grown annually at about 7.0 to 8.0 percent over the last five or six years, and is expected to resume this fast-paced growth as the economy recovers from the current global financial crisis. Although forecasts show that security of supply risks are much lower in the short term due to subdued demand, they will persist in the medium- to long-term, and could even increase with potential delays in commissioning additional generation plants and/or low availability of existing plants. Therefore, it is critical for Turkey not only to increase energy supply, but also to enhance energy efficiency at the demand side in order to ensure supply stability. Energy efficiency increases are crucial for Turkey’s competitiveness and long-run sustainable economic growth. Low energy efficiency means high costs for businesses, so EE improvements are essential for Turkish industry to remain competitive in the global economy. Inefficient energy use also means higher public energy expenditures, taking a bigger bite out of the national budget. In addition, it means higher energy imports—in 2008, energy imports totaled US$48 billion—adding to Turkey‘s high current account deficit and increasing the risk of external shocks to the Turkish economy from import availability constraints and price volatility. Mitigating the impact of climate change is a policy priority and a commitment of the Government. Although greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita are still low, the growth rate of overall GHG emissions in Turkey has been the highest among Annex 1 countries in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). During 1990-2007, GHG emissions increased by 119 percent; with the energy sector being the single largest single contributor at 77 percent in 2007. As energy demand rises, controlling emissions growth is a major challenge for Turkish policymakers. In the first National Communication submitted to the UNFCCC, the Government has correctly identified that investing in EE is a cost-effective way to manage emissions. Turkey has taken strong initial steps in the areas of energy legislation and regulation and now has to focus on tapping the significant potential for energy efficiency. Considerable achievements have been made in setting up regulatory and institutional frameworks to promote EE. The National Energy Efficiency Strategy outlines a policy to provide institutional and financial support to identify and implement EE investments. The Energy Efficiency Law and its secondary regulation provide the legal basis and measures to promote and support energy efficiency increases, including establishing and operating energy service companies (ESCOs), such as energy auditors and Voluntary Agreement schemes to encourage energy saving investments. Cost-based pricing mechanisms for energy have been recently implemented and are an important step toward a more energy efficient economy. Turkey‘s energy pricing was not cost reflective and hence did not provide appropriate signals for energy efficiency until very recently. During 2002-07, despite significant increases in generation costs, retail electricity prices changed little. However, following an important price reform in 2008, the electricity prices in Turkey are on par with those of the Western Balkans and Central European countries. The Government recognizes that cost-reflective tariffs, coupled with regular bill collections, provide appropriate incentives to consumers for energy conservation and economically viable energy efficiency investments. The Turkish economy is energy intensive. Although total primary energy supply (TPES) per capita in Turkey is low—1.35 toe/capita in 20071, compared to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average of 4.64 toe/capita, the Turkish economy is comparatively energy intensive. In 2007, the economy required 0.272 toe for each US$1,000 of GDP (2000 US$ terms),3 above the OECD average of 0.18. Compared to other OECD countries, Turkey only started its energy efficiency initiative recently. During 2000-06, International Energy Agency (IEA) statistics show that overall energy intensity declined by 9.0 percent in the OECD, compared to 6.0 percent in Turkey. Industrial energy intensity decreased by an average of 10 percent in OECD countries, compared to 6.0 percent in Turkey. The OECD benefited from EE improvements in Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, and Hungary. Data confirm that Turkey also has substantial energy saving potential to be captured. Industrial and building sectors provide most opportunities for EE improvement The industrial and the buildings sectors offer an aggregated energy savings potential of over 15 million toe of energy consumption per year, or 14 percent of total consumption, according to analysis conducted for this report4. The industrial sector accounts for about 39 percent of total final consumption and is the largest consumer of energy in Turkey. The buildings sector accounts for about 30 percent of total final consumption (2007, public/residential/commercial buildings). These two sectors also have the highest projected energy demand growth. Therefore, they offer the largest potentials for energy savings, making them priority sectors for promoting EE investments. In the industrial Sector, Turkey has an energy savings potential of around US$3.0 billion per year, about 8.0 million toe per year in industry, or about 25 percent of 2007-level energy consumption in the sector. Industry is dominated by energy intensive industrial subsectors—energy costs comprise between 20 and 50 percent of their total production costs The iron and steel sector uses the largest share of industrial energy consumption, 22 percent; followed by the non metallic subsector, 19 percent (cement, glass, ceramics, bricks); paper, another energy intensive industry, consumes around 3.0 percent. These subsectors have also the highest energy efficiency gains potential. After the chemical subsector5, the second highest saving potential sector is iron and steel with 1.4 million toe per year, followed by cement and textiles, each with 1.1 million toe in potential saving per year. The largest companies have already implemented some EE improvements and investments to maintain their global competitiveness. However, a systematic effort to prioritize and encourage investments could provide additional EE benefits to the country. In the Buildings Sector, Turkey has an energy savings potential of about 30 percent, over 7.0 million toe per year, or 7.0 percent of total energy consumption in Turkey, according to analysis conducted for this report. Due to rising living standards linked to economic growth (including increased use of appliances and air conditioning), together with substantial increase in the national building, stocks have tripled residential energy demand since 1990. According to analysis conducted for this report, savings potential in the sector is about 30 percent, or over 7 million toe per year. Heating accounts for 80 percent of energy consumption in buildings. Therefore, most energy saving potential is associated with increased use of thermal insulation to avoid heat loss. Enforcing the 2008 building codes (which demands higher energy efficiency for buildings) is a priority for increasing EE in buildings. New construction and major renovations must now meet EU thermal insulation and energy consumption standards. New EE standards for home appliances, such as air conditioners and refrigerators, and light bulbs, now require that all products sold in Turkey meet EU labeling and EE requirements. The main challenge in this will be ensuring that the regulatory provisions are implemented through appropriate regular monitoring. However, realizing these energy saving potentials would require overcoming the various market barriers in Turkey now. Though various efforts have been made, data is lacking due to a data collection process that are still sporadic and inconsistent in many cases. Without consistent data across timeline and sectors in the economy, it would be difficult to assess and prioritize policies and investments. The lack of such comprehensive data is leading to low awareness of cost and benefit of EE investments; especially since past efforts to increase awareness was targeted towards the general public rather than industrial and corporate audiences. The transaction costs are often higher for EE investments due to scarcity of qualified companies or consultants with adequate knowledge and experience to perform energy audits and feasibility studies to help prepare and implement EE projects. In addition to lack of information dissemination described above, higher transactions cost lead to lack of financing. This is a major market barrier for EE investments in many countries, but especially true in Turkey, where the lack of medium- and long-term financing means lower priority for EE investments. The above market barriers is exacerbated by the lack of resources and support for implementation of EE investments and measures, despite government policies and regulations that are aligned with international standard already being in place. Dedicated resources for EE would allow government agencies such as EIE to boost its capacity to collect data and ensure compliance with regulations; while incentives provided to the private sector could encourage efficiency improvements beyond compliance required by Law.

Energy Efficiency Turkey

Energy efficiency is the reduction of energy consumed per unit of service or product without causing a reduction in living standards and service quality in buildings, and quality and amount of production in industrial plants. By using energy in an efficient manner for heating, lighting, transportation, household appliances, and in every stage of our everyday lives, we can contribute positively to our household budget, to national economy and to the protection of environment without cutting down on our needs. Being the most important source of energy, fossil fuels like petroleum and coal are rapidly depleting. Greenhouse gas emissions arising during the generation and consumption of energy are among the major reasons of global warming and climate change. From production to use of energy, it is essential to increase energy efficiency, prevent wastage and reduce energy density so that security of energy supply can be ensured, rate of import dependency (which is now at 73%) and the risks thereof can be reduced, and a more effective fight against climate change can be given. Our country is estimated to hold an energy-saving potential of 30% in the building industry, 20% in the production industry, and 15% in the transportation industry. For the purpose of making use of this potential and improving energy efficiency, Energy Efficiency Law of 2007, and the Regulation on Increasing Efficiency in the Use of Energy Sources and Energy of 2008 were enacted by our Ministry. Circular No. 2008/2 dated 15/02/2008 from the Office of the Prime Minister defines measures for the effective and efficient use of energy within public bodies and institutions. This Circular kicked off the “National Energy Efficiency Movement,” and announced year 2008 as the “Energy Efficiency Year.” Among measures that can help increase energy efficiency rapidly and effectively, priority is given to the replacement of incandescent bulbs used for lighting purposes with compact fluorescent lamps which are up to 5 times more energy-efficient. Circular No. 2008/19 dated 13/08/2008 obligated all public bodies and institutions, municipalities and professional chambers of public nature, within a period of one month, to replace incandescent bulbs with energy-efficient bulbs in places under their responsibility. Implementation of the Prime Ministry Circular throughout the country yielded to the replacement of a total of 1.828.742 incandescent bulbs with 1.758.954 efficient lamps. The amount of 11,5 million Turkish Liras spent on efficient lamps was amortized in 101 days. The reduction in electricity costs contributes to the budget by 41 million Turkish Liras every year. On the other hand, as a step of the “National Energy Efficiency Movement,” it was planned to initiate the "Hand-in-Hand for Energy Efficiency (ENVER) Movement" across all provinces starting from December 2008. Under the said movement, energy-efficient lamps were dispensed at primary schools, which was accompanied by awareness-raising activities. 4.800.000 lamps were dispensed in 43 provinces from December 2008 to April 2009. For industry sector, projects for increasing efficiency and voluntary agreements are still supported.

TSKB received $ 75 million in loans for sustainable energy

The Industrial Development Bank of Turkey (TSKB) received $ 75 million in loans from the International Finance Corporation, a member of the World Bank Group.
According to a written statement from TSKB, which has become the leading provider of renewable energy finance in Turkey, TSKB intends on using that loan to help finance renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in Turkey.
TSKB CEO Fevzi Onat said that IFC is one of their key partners in scaling up energy efficiency lending. Mr. Onat also add that they are targeting companies in the manufacturing, agriculture,and construction sectors who want to upgrade machinery and equipment in order to save energy and reduce green house gas emissions.
TSKB is the first private investment and development bank of Turkey. Its main shareholder is İş Bankası Group (50.1%).

Turkey Sustainable Energy Financing Facility

TURSEFF CREDITS

TURSEFF is a credit line for industrial companies, commercial enterprises and private households that wish to invest in energy efficiency or renewable energy projects. The credit line was developed by the EBRD and credits are disbursed through partner banks. Depending on the type of applicant, borrowers may be eligible for up to US$ 5 million of financing under TURSEFF to help the borrower implement projects that include a substantial energy efficiency component. Other project components may be financed by the customer himself or by the participating local bank. Borrowers must be financially viable and meet the Partner Bank’s credit criteria and be approved in accordance with the Partner Bank’s credit appraisal procedures. Projects financed under TURSEFF should meet certain performance criteria. Projects relating to energy efficiency measures in industrial and commercial processes should save more than 20% of energy. Projects relating to energy efficiency in the building sector should save more than 30% energy.

TURSEFF was developed for several categories of investments:
Residential Energy Efficiency
Small Scale Commercial Energy Efficiency
Small Scale Renewable Energy
Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency
Buildings Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Manufacturers, suppliers and installers of energy efficiency and renewable energy technology, equipment and materials
The maximum individual loan categories are defined as follows :
USD 5 million for Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Commercial Buildings projects
USD 300,000 for Small Scale projects
USD 75,000 for Residential Sector projects
USD 1 million for investment loans to Energy Efficiency Suppliers
Loans exceeding these amounts will be considered on a case by case basis and financed only following approval from EBRD.

The proceeds of a loan may be used to finance up to 100% of the total Investment Cost of a project.

Binalarda Enerji Performansı

Binaların enerji performansı nasıl belirlenir?
Bir binanın enerji performansının belirlenmesi;
a) Binanın m2 başına düşen yıllık enerji tüketiminin belirlenmesi,
b) Bu değere göre CO2 salımının hesaplanması,
c) Bu değerlerin referans bir bina’nınki ile kıyaslanması,
d) Kıyaslama sonucuna göre binanın A-G arası bir enerji sınıfına yerleştirilmesi
ile gerçekleşir.
Bina Enerji Performansı Hesaplama Yöntemi nedir?
Bina enerji performansı hesaplama yöntemi (BEP-HY),
a) Binanın enerji tüketimine etki eden tüm parametrelerin, binaların enerji verimliliğine etkisini
değerlendirmek,
b) Enerji performans sınıfını belirlemek için geliştirilmiştir.
Hesaplama yöntemi,
Konutlar,
Ofisler,
Eğitim binaları,
Sağlık binaları,
Oteller ile
Alışveriş ve ticaret merkezleri
Gibi bina tipolojilerindeki mevcut ve yeni binaların enerji performansını değerlendirmek için
kullanılır.
Bu hesaplama yöntemi;
Proje aşamasındaki binalar için çeşitli tasarım alternatiflerinin enerji performanslarının
karşılaştırılması,
Mevcut ve yeni yapılacak binaların enerji performansının standartlaştırılmış seviyesinin gösterilmesi, Mevcut binalarda enerji ihtiyacının hesaplanması yolu ile enerji verimliliği tedbirlerinin uygulanması ve uygulanmaması durumlarının değerlendirilmesi,
Bu hesaplama yöntemi, bina enerji performansını değerlendirirken;
Binaların ısıtılması ve soğutulması için binanın ihtiyacı olan net enerji miktarının hesaplanmasını, Net enerjiyi karşılayacak kurulu sistemlerden olan kayıpları ve sistem verimlerini de göz önüne alarak binanın toplam ısıtma-soğutma enerji tüketiminin belirlenmesini, Havalandırma enerjisi tüketiminin belirlenmesini, Binalarda günışığı etkileri göz önüne alınarak, günışığından yararlanılmayan süre ve günışığının etkili olmadığı alanlar için aydınlatma enerji ihtiyacının ve tüketiminin hesaplanmasını, Sıhhi sıcak su için gerekli enerji tüketiminin hesaplanmasını
kapsamaktadır.
Bu hesaplama yöntemi ilgili AB standartları ile, gerekli görülen durumlarda ASHRAE ve Türk standartlarından yararlanılarak oluşturulmuştur
Hesaplama yöntemi, “basit saatlik dinamik yöntem”dir.
Basit saatlik dinamik yöntem, binanın ısıtma-soğutma için gereken net enerji ihtiyacını ve bu ihtiyacın karşılanacağı sistemlerin tüketimini saatlik olarak hesaplar.
Hesaplama sonucunda ne olur?
Hesaplama sonucunda, binanın yıllık Isıtma Soğutma Sıcak su Aydınlatma Havalandırma
Tüketimleri birincil enerji olarak belirlenir. Bu tüketim değerlerine bağlı olarak CO2salımı hesaplanır.
Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanımı hesaba katılmaktadır. Binanın hesaplanan enerji tüketim miktarı ve CO2 Salımı, referans binanın değerleriyle karşılaştırılır.
Referans bina nedir?
A. Yeri ve İklim Verileri Aynı iklim verileri kullanacak Aynı yönlendirmeye sahip olacak Gerçekte yapılacak ve enerji kimlik belgesi düzenlenecek bina ile aynı yerde ve aynı yönde planlanacak, hesaplama programı aynı özellikler için hem gerçek hem de referans bina için tek seferde girilen veriler için iki kez çalışacak, Bina aynı yerde olduğu için bulunduğuyeriniklimverilerihemgerçekhemdereferansbinaiçingeçerliolacak.
B. GEOMETRİ Plan ve çatı tipleri aynı olacak Kat sayısı ve toplam alanı aynı olacak Gerçekte yapılacak ve enerji kimlik belgesi düzenlenecek bina ile aynı geometri de planlanacak, hesaplama programı aynı özellikler için hem gerçek hem de referans bina için tek seferde girilen veriler için iki kez çalışacak, Gerçekte yapılacak ve enerji kimlik belgesi düzenlenecek bina ile aynı katsayısı ve toplamalarına sahip planlanacak, hesaplama programı aynı özellikler için hem gerçek hem de referans bina için tek seferde girilen veriler için iki kez çalışacak,
C. Bina kabuğu Opak ve saydam bileşenler TS825 zorunlu standardına uygun olacak. Referans bina kabuğu minimum TS825 standardına uygun olacaktır. Gerçekte yapılacak ve enerji kimlik belgesi düzenlenecek bina kabuğu ise TS825 standardının minimum değerinden daha iyi olmasının önünde herhangi bir engel yoktur.
D. Mekanik sistemler Yasal mevzuatların izin verdiği minimum verim değerlerine ve tanımlanan sistem özelliklerine sahip olacak Referans bina ısıtma sisteminde yakıt olarak doğalgaz seçilmiştir, Referans binada, merkezi ısıtma sistemi seçilmiştir, Referans bina sistem verimleri yasal mevzuatların (yönetmelik ve standartların) izin verdiği minimum verim ve etkenlik değerleri seçilmiştir, Referans konut binasında havalandırma doğal havalandırma seçilmiştir, Referans konut dışı binalar da havalandırma mekanik seçilmiştir. Referans konut binasında soğutma sistemi bireysel sistem olarak seçilmiştir
Referans konut dışı binada soğutma sistemi merkezi sistem olarak seçilmiştir. Mevcut veya tasarlanmış-herhangi-bir sistemin, net enerji ihtiyacı olmasına rağmen bulunmaması durumunda, sistem karakteristikleri referans bina ile aynı alınır. Mevcut veya tasarlanmış-herhangi-bir sistemin, hesaplanan net enerji ihtiyacı karşısında yetersiz kalması durumunda, ihtiyacın karşılanamayan kısmını karşılamak üzere, hayali bir sistem atanır. Bu hayali sistemin özellikleri, referans binadaki ilgili sistem ile aynıdır.
E. Aydınlatma sistemi Aydınlatma için tanımlanan minimum parametrelere sahip olacak Ele alınan hacmin aydınlatma sistemi direkt kabul edilir. Hacimler de duvarların ışık yansıtma katsayısı (ρD)%50, tavanın ışık yansıtma katsayısı (ρT)%70 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapma aydınlatma sisteminde kullanılan lambaların: *konut binaları için %30’unun kompakt fluoresan lamba ve %70’inin enkandesan lamba; *ticari binalarda %70’inin tüp fluoresan lamba ve %30’unun enkandesan lamba olarak kabul edilmiştir. Aygıt tipi D grubu IP2X normal aygıt olarak seçilmiştir, bakım faktörü (MF) değeri %67’dir. Gün ışığı geçişinin zayıf ve yapma aydınlatma sistemi kontrolünün manuel olması durumunda gerçekleşen Gün ışığı Bağımlılık Faktörü (FD değeri) için hacim türüne bağlı olarak yer alan tanımlı değerler aşağıdaki tabloda verilmiştir. Asıl binada ise FD değeri hesaplanarak elde edilir.
F. Sıcak su sistemi
Yasal mevzuatların izin verdiği minimum verim değerlerine ve tanımlanan sistem özelliklerine sahip olacak Referans konut binasında sıcak su sistemi için doğalgazlı şofben seçilmiştir, Referans konut dışı binada merkezi sıcak su sistemi seçilmiştir, Referans bina için seçilen sistemler için yönetmelik ve standartların izin verdiği minimum verim değerleri seçilmiştir.
G. Yenilenebilir enerji ve kojenerasyon sistemi
Yenilenebilir enerji sistemi ve kojenerasyon sisteminin bulunmadığı kabul edilmiştir. Referans bina için herhangi bir şekilde yenilenebilir enerji veya kojenerasyon sisteminin kullanılmadığı kabulü yapılmıştır, Yönetmelik revizyonunda yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı için minimum oran verilmesi halinde referans bina tanımına yansıtılacaktır.
Sınıflandırma nasıl yapılır?
Gerçek bina için yapılan hesaplamanın aynısı, hayali referans bina için de yapılır. Hesaplamaların sonuçları karşılaştırılarak, gerçek binanın enerji performansı referans binanınkine oranlanır. Elde edilen orana göre, binanın enerji sınıfı belirlenir. İşlem sonucunda bina için enerji kimlik belgesi düzenlenmiş olur.

Bina Enerji Performans Sınıflandırması?
Referans bina ile aynı değerlere sahip bir binanın Ep değeri 100’dür, Referans bina D sınıfının üst sınırına yerleşmektedir;
Enerji sınıfı
Ep aralıkları
A
0-39
B
40-79
C
80-99
D
100-119
E
120-139
F
140-174
G
175-…
Bina Enerji Performansı Yazılımı (BEP-TR) nedir?
BEP-TR, ulusal hesaplama yönteminin yazılımıdır. İnternet tabanlı bir yazılımdır. Girilen bilgiler Bakanlık kontrolünde olan merkezi veritabanında depolanır. Böylece Türkiye’de binalar ile ilgili ayrıntılı bir takip sistemi ve veritabanı oluşturulmaktadır.
Bina Enerji Performansı Yazılımı (BEP-TR) nedir?
BEP-TR yalnızca kayıtlı kullanıcılar tarafından kullanılabilir. Sistemin kayıtlı kullanıcıları, Bakanlık, yerel yönetimler, akredite olmuş Serbest Mühendis Müşavirler veya Enerji Verimliliği Danışmanlığı firmaları ve EKB uzmanlarıdır.
Bina Enerji Performansı Yazılımı (BEP-TR) nasıl kullanılır?
Bakanlık, sistemdeki bütün kullanıcıları ve işlemleri tanımlar, kontrol eder, denetler. İstediği zaman istediği yere müdahale edebilir. Yerel yönetimler, yeni projelere ait EKB’leri kontrol eder ve onaylarlar. Firmalar, kendi çalışanlarını ve firmaları bünyesinde yürütülen projeleri takip ve kontrol ederler. EKB uzmanları, binalara enerji kimlik belgesi düzenlemek için yazılımın hesaplama bölümünü kullanırlar. Bakanlık, eğitimi tamamlamış ve sınavdan başarılı şekilde geçerek akredite olmuş Enerji Kimlik Belgesi (EKB) Uzmanlarına, kişiye özgü kullanıcı adı ve şifre verir. Uzmanlar, şifreleriyle giriş yaptıkları yazılımın internet sitesinde, binaya ait bilgilerin girişini yapar. Girilen bilgiler tamamlandığında, dosya merkezi veritabanına gönderilir. Hesaplama, merkezi sistemde yapılır. Hesaplama sonucu üretilen sertifika, e-mail ile EKB Uzmanına gönderilir.